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| SHD 250 |
PROSEDUR PENYAMBUNGAN PIPA HDPE
BUTT FUSION
Butt Fusion digunakan untuk menyambung 2 pipa pada bagian ujung-ujungnya. Penyambungan dengan Butt Fusion untuk pipa HDPE mengharuskan meleleh (melt) serta diperlukannya tekanan, hal ini harus dipersiapkan sebaik mungkin..Permukaan pipa akan secara simultan meleleh oleh plate heater yang panas. Kemudian plate heater diangkat dan kedua permukaan yang telah meleleh ditekan agar menyatu. Bagian lelehan tersebut akan menyatu dengan proses pendinginan akan dihasilkan sambungan yang homogeny dan memiliki kekuatan bahkan lebih kuat dari pipa itu sendiri, baik dari segi tensile strength maupun aspek tekanan.
BUTT FUSION PROCEDURES
Prosedur penyambungan pipa berikut adalah didasarkan aturan dari PPI (Plastic Pipe Institute) TR 33 Generic Butt Fusion Joining Procedures.
SET UP
Heating tool surfaces must be at a specified temperature of a MINIMUM 400 DEGREES F – MAXIMUM 450 DEGREES F. All points on the heating plate must be within the specified temperatures before you begin. Heater plates should be checked periodically with a pyrometer in all points where the heating plate comes in contact with the pipe. Heater plate’s surfaces should be clean and undamaged.
Interface pressure should be set at a MINIMUM 60 PSI – MAXIMUM 90 PSI. Interface pressures are calculated for manual fusion machines equipped with a torque wrench and hydraulic machines pressure gauge settings. The machine manufactures instructions are used to calculate the interfacial pressure. Each pipe size and sdr should be calculated and set before beginning to join that size of polyethylene pipe.
PROCEDURE
SECURE PIPE
Clean the inside and outside of the pipe or fitting with a clean, dry, lint-free, non -synthetic (cotton) cloth or paper towel. Align the pipe or fitting ends in the machine. Adjustable pipe rollers or outriggers are used to level the pipe into the fusion machine clamps without forcing the pipe into alignment against open fusion machine clamps. Pipe and fittings ends should protrude past the line-up clamps so that facing will be complete. Check to see that clamps are properly secured to prevent pipe and fitting slippage.
Clean the inside and outside of the pipe or fitting with a clean, dry, lint-free, non -synthetic (cotton) cloth or paper towel. Align the pipe or fitting ends in the machine. Adjustable pipe rollers or outriggers are used to level the pipe into the fusion machine clamps without forcing the pipe into alignment against open fusion machine clamps. Pipe and fittings ends should protrude past the line-up clamps so that facing will be complete. Check to see that clamps are properly secured to prevent pipe and fitting slippage.
FACE
Insert the facing tool between the pipe ends and trim them until they are complete smooth, clean, parallel butt ends. Face completely until fusion machine stops. Check to insure that there are no nicks or un-faced areas in the pipe ends. Remove all shavings from the pipe ends and inside the pipe after facing. Do not touch the pipe ends with your hands after facing. Clean if necessary with a clean cloth or paper towel and alcohol to remove any oil present from touching the pipe ends.
Insert the facing tool between the pipe ends and trim them until they are complete smooth, clean, parallel butt ends. Face completely until fusion machine stops. Check to insure that there are no nicks or un-faced areas in the pipe ends. Remove all shavings from the pipe ends and inside the pipe after facing. Do not touch the pipe ends with your hands after facing. Clean if necessary with a clean cloth or paper towel and alcohol to remove any oil present from touching the pipe ends.
ALIGN
Bring the pipe ends together after facing. Check for slippage at fusion pressure and high low alignment. If necessary, adjust high side by tightening clamps. Do not loosen low side as slippage could occur during fusion. Do not use fingers to check alignment under hydraulic pressure. Slippage under pressure could result in crushed fingers. Look for complete contact around both ends with no gaps and no misaligned hi - low areas.
Bring the pipe ends together after facing. Check for slippage at fusion pressure and high low alignment. If necessary, adjust high side by tightening clamps. Do not loosen low side as slippage could occur during fusion. Do not use fingers to check alignment under hydraulic pressure. Slippage under pressure could result in crushed fingers. Look for complete contact around both ends with no gaps and no misaligned hi - low areas.
MELT
Check that the heating tool is maintaining the correct temperature. Insert the heating tool between the pipe ends and bring the pipe ends together under pressure to ensure full contact against the heating tool. Hold the pipe/fitting ends against the heating tool without pressure. A “roll back” or bead of melted polyethylene will form on the pipe ends against the heating tool. When the correct rollback bead size is formed, separate the pipe ends and remove the heating tool.
Check that the heating tool is maintaining the correct temperature. Insert the heating tool between the pipe ends and bring the pipe ends together under pressure to ensure full contact against the heating tool. Hold the pipe/fitting ends against the heating tool without pressure. A “roll back” or bead of melted polyethylene will form on the pipe ends against the heating tool. When the correct rollback bead size is formed, separate the pipe ends and remove the heating tool.
| PIPE SIZE | MELT ROLLBACK BEAD SIZE |
| 2” TO 4” | 1/8” TO 3/16” |
| 4” TO 12” | ¾” correct joining pressure TO ¼” |
| 12” TO 24” | ¼“ TO 7/16” |
| 24” TO 63” | 7/16” TO 9/16” |
JOIN
Immediately after heater plate removal, visually check the pipe ends quickly to verify complete heating and quickly bring together the pipe ends applying the correct joining force (60-90 psi interfacial pressure). The correct joining pressure will form a double bead that is rolled back to the pipe surface on both sides of the joint.
Immediately after heater plate removal, visually check the pipe ends quickly to verify complete heating and quickly bring together the pipe ends applying the correct joining force (60-90 psi interfacial pressure). The correct joining pressure will form a double bead that is rolled back to the pipe surface on both sides of the joint.
HOLD UNTIL COOL
Hold the joining force against the joint until the joint is cool to the touch. A rule of thumb is to cool for 30 to 90 seconds per inch of pipe diameter. This will vary depending on the ambient temperature and the sdr of the pipe. Thicker wall pipe generally requires additional cooling time.
Hold the joining force against the joint until the joint is cool to the touch. A rule of thumb is to cool for 30 to 90 seconds per inch of pipe diameter. This will vary depending on the ambient temperature and the sdr of the pipe. Thicker wall pipe generally requires additional cooling time.
INSPECT THE JOINT
The double bead should be rolled over to the pipe surface on both sides and be uniform in size completely around the pipe. When butt-fusing pipe to molded fittings, the bead may have an irregular appearance. This is acceptable providing the pipe side bead is acceptable.
The double bead should be rolled over to the pipe surface on both sides and be uniform in size completely around the pipe. When butt-fusing pipe to molded fittings, the bead may have an irregular appearance. This is acceptable providing the pipe side bead is acceptable.
| 4-inch pipe | 1600 feet |
| 12-inch pipe | 960 feet |
| 24-inch pipe | 480 feet |
BEAD APPEARANCE
It is uncommon to remove internal beads as they have little or no effect on flow and removal is time consuming. Exterior beads may be removed with a planner, which is forced into the bead and then drawn around the pipe.
It is uncommon to remove internal beads as they have little or no effect on flow and removal is time consuming. Exterior beads may be removed with a planner, which is forced into the bead and then drawn around the pipe.
BEAD REMOVAL
| Excessive bead width. | May be caused by overheating or excessive fusion pressure. |
| Bead V-groove too deep. | May be caused by excessive fusion pressure-insufficient heating or pressure during the heating cycle. |
| Flat bead on top. | May be caused by overheating or excessive fusion pressure. |
| Bead is not uniform around pipe. | May be caused by incomplete facing, misalignment, or defective or worn equipment. |
| Bead is too small. | May be caused by insufficient heating or fusion pressure. |
| Bead is too large. | May be caused by excessive heating time. |
| Bead not rolled over to pipe surface. | May be caused by insufficient heating. |
| Squared outer bead edge. | May be caused by pressure during the heat cycle. |
| Rough, pockmarked, or Sandpaper like bead. | May be caused by hydrocarbon contamination. |
The most common mistakes making butt fusion joints are:
- Applying pressure during the heat soak period. This squeezes the molten plastic out of the fusion joint, possibly resulting in a cold joint.
- Incorrect fusion pressure. An interface pressure of 60 to 90 psi is required to make a correct fusion joint.
- Incorrect heating temperature. Some operators try to hurry the heating time by increasing the heater temperature. This may cause the molten PE to degrade resulting in fusion joint failure. When fusing in cold weather the time to obtain the proper melt may increase. DO NOT INCREASE THE HEATING TOOL TEMPERATURE. THE MELT BEAD SIZE DETERMINES THE HEATING TIME.
Warga Tehnik Mekanika (WTM),
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Jatibening (depan toko besi INDOBAJA), Bekasi 17412
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